top of page
Silent Era - 'The Birth of a Nation'

One of the most controversial films of all time is also one of the first films that had a presentation to what we see today, D.W. Griffith’s Civil War, silent epic ‘The Birth of a Nation’ (1915). This is a landmark film in the history of the moving picture, it innovated many filmmaking techniques such as the close-up and fade-outs. The story was based on ‘The Clansman’ a 1905 novel, the themes and story of the film were and still are incredibly racist and controversial.

Introduction
Influence

‘The Birth of a Nation’ is one of the most talked-about and studied films in history, this was the first of its kind. It was the longest film up to that date with a runtime of 193 minutes (3 hours and 13 minutes) and had the most complex story that any film had undertaken at that point, the story was split into two acts with an 8-minute intermission in the middle which was a first. The production of the film is what made it so monumental at the time, due to the big-budget of $500,000, D.W. Griffith was able to, cast hundreds of extras, rent fields, shoot during the night and buy exact reproductions of Civil War artillery to properly portray war scenes. The film was the highest-grossing picture up until ‘Gone With the Wind’ took that spot (1939), This was the start of modern-day cinema.

Controversy
Birth of a Nation.jpg

All of that innovation was used to craft one of the most racist and controversial stories ever brought to the screen. The stereotyping of African American people is hard to watch, it is a fictional story of black Americans (antagonists) going into power after they get there freedom from slavery and the formation of the Ku Klux Klan (heroes) to bring them out of power. The first act is known for is amazing battle scenes of the civil war but as soon as the second act starts the film begins to drift as the story begins to take shape, as soon as the black citizens are freed from slavery they are seen intimidating white residents for no reason and slacking off from their jobs. When they get the right to vote they are seen filling the ballot boxes which leads to them having a majority in the South Carolina government, and they are seen putting their feet up and eating chicken in the House of Representatives. The Ku Klux Klan is formed to put the African Americans back into oppression. The last sequence which sees a group of white people in a house with black people trying to break in, only for the Ku Klux Klan to come and kill the black people and ‘save the day’. The story shows black people coming into power in the government, just for everything to fall apart, the message that D.W. Griffith and Frank E. Woods wanted to get across is that, America is better off with the African American people being oppressed, also, most of the African American characters were white actors in blackface. This isn’t even just a sign of the times, the story was still incredibly controversial at the time, tickets weren’t being sold to black people, there were riots over showings, and the civil rights group NAACP unsuccessfully tried to ban the picture. This is one of the most horrible stories ever, it is such a shame that this is one of the most technically important films of all time, cinema will always have this stain.

Conclusion

Do the efforts of notable popular culture figures on social injustices actually result in positive change? ‘The Birth of a Nation’ was D.W. Griffith using the platform of cinema to express racist and incorrect ideas, this proves that this popular culture figure (at the time) used his platform to push a negative change and it worked, this film sparked the re-birth of the Ku Klux Klan and much hatred for the African American community. So it proved that films could make people change, but, in this case, it was for the worse instead of good.

'The Birth of a Nation' theatrical release poster

The Birth of a Nation Ku Klux Klan.jpg

Still from 'The Birth of a Nation'

KKK.jpg

Ku Klux Klan rally, 1948

bottom of page